What is transformer?

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit through the principle of electromagnetic induction. It is a static device, which means that it has no moving parts, and operates based on the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents.

A transformer consists of two coils of wire, called the primary winding and the secondary winding, wound around a common magnetic core. The primary winding is connected to an AC voltage source, which creates an alternating magnetic field in the core. This alternating magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary winding, which results in an output voltage.

The transformer is a highly efficient device, as it can transfer electrical power from one circuit to another with minimal loss of energy. It is used extensively in electrical power transmission and distribution systems to increase or decrease the voltage level of electrical power, as well as in electronic circuits to isolate one circuit from another, or to match the impedance of different circuits.

Transformers are available in different sizes and power ratings, ranging from small transformers used in electronic devices, to large power transformers used in electrical power systems.

They are also available in different configurations, such as step-up transformers, which increase the voltage level of electrical power, and step-down transformers, which decrease the voltage level of electrical power. Other types of transformers include isolation transformers, autotransformers, and instrument transformers.

In summary, a transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit through the principle of electromagnetic induction. It is an important component in many electrical and electronic applications and plays a critical role in electrical power systems.